中法战争石浦海战
中法战争(1883-1885)是世界军事史上典型的一次海战,但很少有人知道其中的石浦海战。石浦海战是奇耻的一页,在军事史上很少讲到。中法战争爆发后,清政府从越南撤军,承认了法国在越南的地位。但法军并没有因此而止步,更觉得大清帝国软弱可欺,接着开始进军中国的台湾,但没想到遭到台湾军民的坚决低抗而告失败。然而,他们的心依然不死,远东舰队随即开始了对台湾的封锁,以断绝台湾守军的外援。1884年11月1日,清廷在民意的压力下才下令南、北洋水师抽调军舰援台。到了11月20日晚,北洋水师援台的“超勇”、“扬威”二舰(管带分别为林泰曾、邓世昌)编队抵达南洋水师基地上海,南洋大臣也决定派“南琛”、“南瑞”、“开济”、“澄庆”、“驭远”五舰会合北洋舰只支援台湾抗法。“开济”为本次南下舰队的旗舰,由提督衔总兵吴安康统帅。南、北洋7艘军舰在上海会合后没有立时出征,说是“超勇”、“扬威”二舰需要入坞修理,南洋各舰又需添装哈乞开斯机关炮,临阵磨枪、临渴掘井的笑话再次重演,因此南下的时间一拖再拖。12月4日,朝鲜又爆发突发事件,日本借中国与法国交战,无力顾及之机派兵协助朝鲜开化党人进行政变,囚禁朝鲜国王。为稳定朝鲜局势,在上海的“超勇”、“扬威”两舰被急令赶赴朝鲜,这样南下援台的舰队只剩下南洋水师的五舰。
1885年1月18日,在清廷的一再催促下,南洋水师五舰跚跚起程南下。法国舰队很快得知这一消息,孤拔亲自率舰队北上,想在中途进行截击,阻止中国军队形成合力。孤拔率领“巴雅”等7艘军舰于2月7日开始北上搜索南洋水师的军舰,经过5天的巡弋,仍然一无所获。而清廷船队航至石浦港外的檀头山洋面,他们不是急于续航南下,却抛锚停航,要是他们的抛锚是为了军事。生活上的补给那也说得过去,事实上官兵们停泊后坐小船进了石浦港,登岸寻娼嫖宿。
而孤拔一行,深知清朝舰只与南方军民力量会合后所带给他们的后果,于是昼夜在海面上探寻。2月13日清晨5时半,连续五天的搜寻使他对清廷派兵南下的可信度有些怀疑,准备掉头南归的时候,却意外地发现了悬挂龙旗的军舰。孤拔立即下令准备战斗。而清军舰只的兵士们还沉浸在昨晚登岸带来“快乐”的余味中,他们于上午7时,与法军舰队相距10海里时,才发现了敌人。这不期而遇,让“开济”、“南琛”、“南瑞”三舰吓得立时掉转头来,并加大马力逃逸。法舰则是紧追不舍。
五舰中“澄庆”、“驭远”两舰航速不及另三艘舰船,逃得慢了一步,避入了石浦港。孤拔不知港内情况,不敢贸然进港,于是命令“凯旋”、“梭尼”、“益士弼”三舰在石浦港外监视“澄庆”、“驭远”两舰,而自己亲率其他舰只追赶“开济”等三舰。好在追击中突然海上浓雾弥漫,北驶的三艘中国军舰已经不见踪影,异常恼怒的孤拔便下令封锁石浦港,攻击“澄庆”、“驭远”。
石浦海战也由此而发生。军事史上也称作“石浦沉船事件”。到了2月14日晚的11时半,法军舰队派出两艘鱼雷艇潜入石浦港,准备偷袭港内的中国军舰。次日(正值中国的传统节日春节)凌晨3时半,由“巴雅”号副舰长指挥的2号鱼雷艇发现了“驭远”舰的位置,3时45分,2号艇在距“驭远”200米处发射了两枚鱼雷,但都未击中。遭到鱼雷攻击后,“驭远”舰立即还击,法军两艘鱼雷艇全部被击伤搁浅。
但令人意外的是,2月15日天明以后,法军舰队意外发现“驭远”、“澄庆”两舰自沉在港中,船上官兵已全部撤离。究竟两舰为何自沉,成了一段历史谜案。这里边有两种说法,一说是,“驭远”、“澄庆”两舰被法军击中,也有说是清军自沉。后来朝廷也曾派大员到石浦进行调查,结果是不了了之。 :s5 :s5 :s5 纯送花要扣分的,要送花和送话一起上 第一次听说有这海战 山鹰从哪里得来的这段资料? 原帖由 空子 于 2008-2-25 19:45 发表 static/image/common/back.gif
山鹰从哪里得来的这段资料?
同问? 是啊,石浦历来是兵家必争之地,战略地位很重要,要不然也不会有这么多的部队 原帖由 空子 于 2008-2-25 19:45 发表 static/image/common/back.gif
山鹰从哪里得来的这段资料?
上次在中国象山港网站里看到的,就转载过来了,忘记在具体哪个版块了;P 明交屋里向齐许挖宝起类
石浦海战中遭到法国鱼雷艇攻击的“驭远”舰(英国国家海事博物馆收藏,A5236) 舰船资料:木壳兵船,采用铁钉连接捻缝工艺制造。舰长91.44米,宽12.8米,吃水6.4米,排水量2630吨,采用1台立式蒸气机,功率1750马力,航速12节,编制372人。
主要武器: 9寸前膛炮2门,70磅炮24门。
舰史:
军官:
中法战争时管带为准补太湖右营都司金荣
一直被误认为是“扬武”的“驭远”舰照片,二舰外形上的区别主要在舷侧火炮的数量、艏柱的形式等方面
炮舰 江南制造局造,“海安”于1872年5月开工,“驭远”于1873年开工,1873年12月23日下水,1875年冬完工,由徐寿等人设计、监造 。每艘造价318717两银。 本帖最后由 明山飞鹰 于 2010-10-17 16:23 编辑
Battle of Shipu, Sino-French War
1885
This is the second engagement in which French torpedo-craft (鱼雷艇)were used to attack Chinese ships. It may be easy to confuse this with the torpedo attack (鱼雷攻击)during the Battle of Foochow because in that battle, two Chinese ships (including the flagship which has a somewhat similar name to the Yu Yuen) were sunk in the same way. The name of the place is sometimes transliterated differently, such as "Shei-poo".
The relatively well-armed but unprotected Chinese cruisers Kai Chi, Nan Thin and Nan Shuin (alternate spellings are possible) had been acting as a squadron which also included the two lost ships, the Yu Yuen and Teng Ch'ing. According to the description in Wright's "The Chinese Steam Navy" this moderately powerful Chinese squadron confronted the French squadron that had slaughtered the Chinese at Foochow but was still outmatched. The three more modern cruisers were able to retreat north but the two slower wooden ships anchored at Shipu and were trapped there by a blockading force, before the small French spar-torpedo boats were sent in. The Yu Yuen was sunk by torpedo but the Teng Ch'ing may have been scuttled in the chaos of the attack, not successfully sunk by the French.
The Chinese naval defeats were serious in loss of life, but the ships lost here and at Foochow they were mostly obselete. The Chinese army in the meantime managed to stop the French and force a resolution to the colonial war, although France retained control of Indochina and China continued to be militarily ineffective. The once-mighty empire was still unable to prevent European "gunboat diplomacy" from mandating its policies, just as it had during the earlier Opium Wars and other incidents when British and French military power forced the Chinese to accept the operations of manipulative, ruthless and bigoted Christian missionaries and the importation of illegal drugs (imagine a drug-producing nation forcing the USA to accept cocaine shipments by force! And Al-Qaeda missionaries setting up propaganda-spewing "charities" to bribe or trick people into conversion in every town! Shows the value of never losing technological superiority over your nation's rivals).
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